1:- module( bims, [bims/0,bims/1,bims_version/2,bims_citation/2] ).    2
    3:- use_module( library(lib) ).    4% :- ensure_loaded( '../src/mcmcms' ).
    5% :- ensure_loaded( '../src/init_lib' ).
    6:- lib(source(bims), homonyms(true)).    7:- lib(stoics_lib).  % en_list/2, goal_spec/2, portray_clauses/2.
    8
    9:- lib(mcmcms/12).   10:- lib(os_unique_by_date/2).   11:- lib(n_digits/3).   12:- lib(clean_module/1).   13:- lib(report_triggers/1).   14:- lib(bims_bb_remove/2).   15:- lib(remove_template_duplicates/2).   16:- lib(get_date_time/1).   17:- lib(ord_only_add_elem/3).  % needed on ad_expand
   18
   19:- lib(end(bims)).   20% :- lib_pack_end( bims ).

Bims- Bayesian inference over model structures.

Introduction

Bims (Bayesian inference over model structures) implements MCMC learning over statistical models defined in the Dlp (Distributional logic programming) probabilistic language.

Bims is released under GPL2, or Artistic 2.0

Currently there are 2 model spaces supported:

Additional model spaces can be easily implemented by defining new likelihood plug-ins and programming appropriate priors.

Examples provided

Carts examples

?- bims( [] ).
?- bims( [data(carts),models(carts),likelihood(carts)] ).

The above are two equivalent ways to run the Carts example provided.

This runs 3 chains each of length 100 on the default Carts data using the default likelihood. The default dataset is the breast cancer Winsconsin (BCW) data from the machine learning repository. There are 2 categories, 9 variables and 683 data points in this dataset. You can view the data with

?- edit( pack(bims/data/carts) ).

The default likelihood is an implementation of the classification likelihood function presented in: H Chipman, E George, and R McCulloch. Bayesian CART model search (with discussion). J. of the American Statistical Association, 93:935–960, 1998.

Bns examples

?- bims( [models(bns)] ).
?- bims( [data(bns),models(bns),likelihood(bns)] ).

The above are two equivalent ways to run the Bns example provided.

This runs 3 chains each of length 100 on the default bns data using default likelihood. The dataset is a sampled dataset from the ASIA network and it comprises of 8 variables and 2295 datapoints. You can view the data with

?- edit( pack(bims/data/bns) ).

The default BN likelihood is an instance of the BDeu metric for scoring BN structures.

W. L. Buntine. Theory refinement of Bayesian networks. In Bruce D’Ambrosio, Philippe Smets, and Piero Bonissone, editors, Proceedings of the Seventh Annual Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence (UAI–1991), pages 52–60, 1991

David Heckerman, Dan Geiger, and David M. Chickering. Learning Bayesian networks: The combination of knowledge and statistical data. Machine Learning, 20(3):197–243, 1995.

Learning models from new datasets

An easy way to run Bims on your data is to create a new directory and within that sub-directory data/ copy your data there and pass options data/1 to the basename of the data file.

For example,

?- bims( data(mydata) ).

Learning new statistical models.

By defining a new likelihood function and new priors the system can be used on new statistical models.

Pack info

author
- Nicos Angelopoulos, http://stoics.org.uk/~nicos
- James Cussens (University of York), http://cs.york.ac.uk/~jc
version
- 2.0 2017/02/21, IJAR paper
- 2.1 2017/03/10, pack lib
- 2.2 2017/04/18, web-doc; de-git
- 2.3 2018/12/21, aux/ -> aux_code
- 2.4,2021/12/29, run on SWI 8.5.4; github core complete
- 2.5,2022/01/02, src/lib clean-up
See also
- http://stoics.org.uk/~nicos/sware/bims
license
- MIT */
To be done
- bims_default(-Def).
- test on Windows (and Mac ?)
  120bims_defaults( ArgsPrv, [    
  121                chains(3), 
  122                report([]),
  123                results_dir(Dir),
  124                iterations(100),
  125                tempered([]),
  126                seeds(1),
  127                progress_percentage(10),
  128                progress_stub('.'),
  129                DefModelT,
  130                prior(ModelSingular),
  131                likelihood(Model),
  132                data(Model),
  133                backtrack(uc),
  134                top_goal(ModelSingular),
  135                debug(true)
  136        ] ) :-
  137               en_list( ArgsPrv, Args ),
  138               ( (memberchk(results_dir(ArgsDir),Args),ground(ArgsDir)) ->
  139                    make_directory(ArgsDir)
  140                    ;
  141                    true
  142               ),
  143               DefModel = carts,
  144               DefModelT = models(DefModel),
  145               append( Args, [DefModelT], Partial ),
  146               memberchk( models(Model), Partial ),
  147               atom_singular( Model, ModelSingular ),
  148               bims_args_results_dir( Args, Dir ).
 bims
 bims(+File)
bims(+Opts)
Run a number of MCMC runs for a single prior defined by a Distributional Logic Program (DLP).

If the argument (File) corresponds to an existing file, then it is taken to be a settings file. Each argument should be a fact correspond to a known option. For example

chains(3).
iterations(100).
seeds([1,2,3]).

If the argument (Opts) does not correspond to a file is take to be a list of option terms.

The simplest way to use the software is to make a new directory and run some MCMC chains. The default call,

?- bims().    % equivelant to ?- bims([]).

runs a 3 chains (R=3, below) 100 iterations (I=100) MCMC simulation. The models learnt are classifications trees (carts) based on the default prior and the data are the BCW dataset. The above call is equivelant to:

?- bims([models(carts)]).

To run a toy BN learning example run

?- bims( [models(bns)] ).

This runs 3 chains on some synthetic data of the 8-nodal Asia BN.

To get familiar on how to run bims on private data, make a new directory, create a subdirecory data and copy file bims(data/asia.pl) to data/test_local.pl.

?- bims( [data(test_local)] ).

Opts

chains(R=3)
number of chains or runs. Each chain is identified by N in 1...R.
iterations(I=100)
number of iterations per run. Strictly speaking this is iterations - 1. That is: I is the number of models in each chain produced.
models(Models=carts)
type of the models in the chain. An alternative type of model type is bns.
debug(Dbg=true)
If Dbg==true, run debug(bims) to get debuging messages. If Dbg==false, nodebug(bims) is called.
seeds(Seeds=1)
hash seeds for each run (1-1000), if length of Seeds is less than R, additional items added consequtively from last value. So for instance, seeds(1) when chains(3) is given expands to seeds([1,2,3]).
likelihood(Lk=Model)
likelihood to use, default depends on Model chosen (system provided models, have a nameshake default likelihood, for example carts likelihood is the default likelihood for carts models)
data(Data=Model)
a term that indicates the data for the runs. The precise way of loading and calls depend on Lk (the likelihood function) via the hook model_data_load/2, and what the prior (see option top_goal(Top)) expects. In general the dependency is with the likelihood, with the prior expected to be compatible with what the likelihood dictates in terms of data. In the likelihoods provided, Data is the stem of a filename that is loaded in memory. The file is looked for in Dir/Data[.pl] where Dir is looked for in [./data,bims(Model/data/)].
top_goal(Top=Model)
the top goal for running the MCMC simulations. Should be the partial call corresponding to a predicate defined in Prior, as completed by adding the model as the last argument.
prior(Prior=Model)
a file defining the prior DLP. Each model space has a default nameshake prior. The prior file is looked for in dlps and bims(dlps).
backtrack(Backtract=uc)
backtracking strategy (fix me: add details)
tempered(Tempered=[])
hot chains (fixme: add details) - this is an advanced feature undocumented for now
results_dir(Rdir=res-Dstamp)
results directory. If absent default is used. If present but a variable the default is used and returned as the instantiation to this variable. The directory should not exist prior to the call. The default method uses a time stamp to provide uniqueness. (fixme: add prefix(Pfx) recognition)
report(These)
where These is a listable set of reportable tokens (should match 1st argument of known_reportable_term/2). =[all|_] or all is expanded to reporting all known reportable terms.
progress_percentage(Pc=10)
the percentage at which to report progress of all runs (>100 or non numbers for no progress reporting)
progress_stub(Stub = .)
the stub marking progress

All file name based options: Lk, Data, Prior or Rdir, are passed through absolute_file_name/2.

The predicate generates one results directory (Rdir) and files recording information about each run (R) are placed in Rdir.

*/

  245bims :- bims( [] ).
  246
  247bims( ArgsPrv ) :-
  248    en_list( ArgsPrv, Args ),
  249    bims_defaults( Args, Defs ),
  250    append( Args, Defs, Opts ),
  251    debug( bims, 'Bims options: ~w', [Opts] ),
  252    bims_option_debug( Opts, DbgRestore ),
  253    memberchk( results_dir(ResDPrv), Opts ),
  254    absolute_file_name( ResDPrv, ResD ),
  255    debug( bims, 'Results directory: ~w', ResD ),
  256    memberchk( chains(Runs), Opts ),
  257    bims_option_seeds( Opts, Seeds ),
  258    remove_template_duplicates( Opts, UnqOpts ),
  259    number_codes( Runs, Rcodes ),
  260    length( Rcodes, RcLen ),
  261    n_digits( RcLen, 0, Zero ),
  262    atomic_list_concat( [Zero,'opts.pl'], '-', BoptsB ),
  263    directory_file_path( ResD, BoptsB, BroF ),
  264    bims_write_options( BroF, UnqOpts ),
  265    % fixme: likel
  266    % likelihood(Lk=Model)
  267    % model(Mdl), 
  268    PersOpts = [ models(Model), prior(Dlp), likelihood(Lkl), 
  269                 data(Data), top_goal(Goal),
  270               report(These)
  271               ],
  272    maplist( list_element(Opts), PersOpts ),
  273    report_triggers( These ),
  274    bims_ensure_likelihood_loaded( Model, Lkl, AbsLkl ),
  275    bims_ensure_data_loaded( Model, Lkl, Data, AbsData ),
  276    bims_locate_prior_file( Model, Dlp, AbsDlp ),
  277    bims_write_abs_options( BroF, abs(AbsLkl,AbsData,AbsDlp) ),
  278    bims_runs( Runs, 1, RcLen, Model, AbsDlp, Seeds, ResD, Goal, Opts ),
  279    get_date_time( Now ),
  280    portray_clauses( [finished_at(Now)], [file(BroF),mode(append)] ),
  281    bims_option_debug_set( DbgRestore ).
  282
  283bims_runs( 0, _I, _Dgs, _Mdl, _, _Seelds, _ResD, _Goal, _Opts ) :-
  284    !,
  285    debug( bims, 'Finished all runs', [] ).
  286bims_runs( R, I, Dgs, Mdl, Dlp, [Seed|Seeds], ResD, Goal, Opts ) :-
  287    copy_term( Goal, TopG ),
  288    % * Out, *Stats, Kernel, ModelType, Prior, PB, Repeats, Data, HotChainsIds, *Seed, SGl
  289    % Out = chain_output( 01-chain.pl ), Stats= 01_stats.txt
  290    debug( bims, 'Run: ~d', I ),
  291    n_digits( Dgs, I, Iat ),
  292    bims_out_file( ResD, Iat, chain, pl, Chain ),
  293    bims_out_file( ResD, Iat, stats, pl, Stats ),
  294    bims_out_file( ResD, Iat, report, pl, Rep ), % fixme: nicer name ?
  295    MCopts = [ backtrack(BckT), iterations(Its), tempered(Hot), 
  296               progress_percentage(Pc), progress_stub(Stub) 
  297            ],
  298    maplist( list_element(Opts), MCopts ), %fixme: allow lists
  299    bims_progress_reporter( Its, Pc, Stub ),
  300    bims_backtrack_term( BckT, Bck, P ),
  301    mcmcms( Chain, Stats, Rep, Bck, Mdl, Dlp, P, Its, true, Hot, Seed, TopG ),
  302    !, % fixme: do some cleaning
  303    J is I + 1,
  304    Q is R - 1,
  305    bims_runs( Q, J, Dgs, Mdl, Dlp, Seeds, ResD, Goal, Opts ).
 bims_version(-Vers, -Date)
Version Mj:Mn:Fx, and release date date(Y,M,D). 
?- bims_version(Vers, Date).
Vers = 2:5:0,
Date = date(2022, 1, 2).
version
- 2:5:0

*/

See also
- doc/Releases.txt for more detail on change log
  321bims_version( 2:5:0, date(2022,1,2) ).
 bims_citation(-Atom, -Bibterm)
Succeeds once for each publication related to this library. Atom is the atom representation suitable for printing while Bibterm is a bibtex(Type,Key,Pairs) term of the same publication. Produces all related publications on backtracking.

?- bims_citation( A, G ), write( A ) nl.

Distributional Logic Programming for Bayesian Knowledge Representation.

Nicos Angelopoulos and James Cussens.

International Journal of Approximate Reasoning (IJAR).

Volume 80, January 2017, pages 52-66.

*/

  342bims_citation( Atom, bibtex(Type,Key,Pairs) ) :-
  343    Atom = 'Distributional Logic Programming for Bayesian Knowledge Representation. 
  344Nicos Angelopoulos and James Cussens. 
  345International Journal of Approximate Reasoning (IJAR).
  346Volume 80, January 2017, pages 52-66.',
  347    Type = article,
  348    Key  = 'AngelopoulosN_CussensJ_2017',
  349    Pairs = [
  350               author = 'Nicos Angelopoulos and James Cussens',
  351               title  = 'Distributional Logic Programming for Bayesian Knowledge',
  352               journal= 'International Journal of Approximate Reasoning',
  353               year   = 2017,
  354               month  = 'January',
  355               volume = 80,
  356               pages  = '52-66',
  357               url    = 'http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0888613X16301232'
  358     ].
  359bims_citation( Atom, bibtex(Type,Key,Pairs) ) :-
  360    Atom  = 'Bayesian learning of Bayesian Networks with informative priors.
  361Nicos Angelopoulos and James Cussens (2008).
  362Special issue on BN learning. Annals of Mathematics and Artificial Intelligence (AMAI) 54(1-3), 53-98.',
  363    Type  = article,
  364    Key   = 'AngelopoulosN_Cussens_2008',
  365    Pairs = [
  366               author = 'Nicos Angelopoulos and James Cussens',
  367               title  = 'Bayesian learning of Bayesian Networks with informative priors.',
  368               year   = '2008',
  369               journal= 'Special issue on BN learning. Annals of Mathematics and Artificial Intelligence (AMAI)',
  370               volume = '54',
  371               issue  = '1-3',
  372               pages  = '53-98',
  373               url    = 'http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10472-009-9133-x'
  374           ].
  375bims_citation( Atom, bibtex(Type,Key,Pairs) ) :-
  376    Atom    = 'Exploiting Informative Priors for Bayesian Classification and Regression Trees.
  377Nicos Angelopoulos and James Cussens (2005)
  378In 19th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-05), 641-646, Edinburgh, UK, August 2005.',
  379    Type    = inproceedings,
  380    Key     = 'AngelopoulosN_Cussens_2005',
  381    Pairs   = [
  382                title   = 'Exploiting Informative Priors for Bayesian Classification and Regression Trees',
  383                author  = 'Nicos Angelopoulos and James Cussens',
  384                year    = '2005',
  385                inproceedings = 'In 19th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-05)',
  386                pages   = '641-646',
  387                address = 'Edinburgh, UK',
  388                month   = 'August',
  389                year    = 2005
  390            ].
  391bims_citation( Atom, bibtex(Type,Key,Pairs) ) :-
  392    Atom    = 'Markov chain Monte Carlo using tree-based priors on model structure.
  393Nicos Angelopoulos and James Cussens (2001).
  394In 17th Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence (UAI-2001), 16-23, Seattle, USA.',
  395    Type    = inproceedings,
  396    Key     = 'AngelopoulosN_Cussens_2001',
  397    Pairs   = [
  398                title   = 'Markov chain Monte Carlo using tree-based priors on model structure.',
  399                author  = 'Nicos Angelopoulos and James Cussens',
  400                year    = 2001,
  401                proceedings = 'In 17th Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence (UAI-2001)',
  402                pages   = '16-23',
  403                address = 'Seattle, USA'
  404            ].
  405
  406bims_lib( Spec ) :-
  407    ( Spec = Fname/_Arity -> true; Spec = Fname ),
  408    ensure_loaded( bims(src/lib/Fname) ).
 bims_option_seeds(+Opts, -Seeds)
Get the seed ids (Sids) to be used with runs from options, Opts. Ensures Sids is at least as long as runs in Opts.
  415bims_option_seeds( Opts, Seeds ) :-
  416    memberchk( chains(Runs), Opts ),
  417    memberchk( seeds(PrvSeedS), Opts ),
  418    en_list( PrvSeedS, PrvSeeds ),
  419    length( PrvSeeds, PrvLen ),
  420    Diff is max( Runs - PrvLen, 0 ),
  421    last( PrvSeeds, Last ),
  422    findall( A, (  between(1,Diff,I),
  423                 A is Last + I
  424                ), As ),
  425    append( PrvSeeds, As, Seeds ).
 bims_option_debug(Opts, -Bef)
Start debugging messages if debug(true) is in Opts. Before indicates the state of bims debugging prior to the call. The values for Before are: false or true.
  433bims_option_debug( Opts, Bef ) :-
  434    memberchk( debug(Dbg), Opts ),
  435    debugging( bims, Bef ),
  436    !,
  437    bims_option_debug_set( Dbg ).
  438
  439bims_option_debug_set( true ) :-
  440    debug( bims ).
  441bims_option_debug_set( false) :-
  442    nodebug( bims ).
 bims_out_file(+ResD, +Iat, +Tkn, +Ext, +File)
Construct a bims output File from a results directory, an iteration atom (Iat) a token (Tkn) and an extension (Ext). 
 ?- bims:bims_out_file( dir, '01', chain, pl, File ).
 File = 'dir/01-chain.pl'.
  452bims_out_file( Dir, Iat, Tkn, Ext, File ) :-
  453    atomic_list_concat( [Iat,Tkn], '-', Bstem ),
  454    file_name_extension( Bstem, Ext, Bname ),
  455    directory_file_path( Dir, Bname, File ).
  456
  457bims_ensure_data_loaded( Model, Lkl, DataT, DataF ) :-
  458    DataT =.. [Data|Args],
  459    % generic section
  460    clean_module( data ),
  461    AbsOpts = [file_type(directory),solutions(all)],
  462    findall( BimsDD, absolute_file_name(bims(data),BimsDD,AbsOpts), BimsDDs ),
  463    debug( bims, 'Bims data dirs: ~w', [BimsDDs] ),
  464    member( Dir, [data|BimsDDs] ),
  465    directory_file_path( Dir, Data, Stem ),
  466    file_name_extension( Stem, pl, DataF ),
  467    debug( bims, 'Testing existance of data file: ~w', DataF ),
  468    exists_file( DataF ),
  469    debug( bims, 'Loading data file: ~w', DataF ),
  470    data:load_files( DataF, [silent(true)] ),
  471    % data:ensure_loaded( DataF ),
  472    bims_data_call( Model, Lkl, Args, PrepF, PrepG ),
  473    assert( data:data_file(DataF) ),
  474    assert( data:data_models(Model) ),
  475    assert( data:data_prep_file(PrepF) ),
  476    assert( data:data_prep_goal(PrepG) ),
  477    !.
  478bims_ensure_data_loaded( Model, Lkl, Data, _DataF ) :-
  479    throw( fixme(cannot_load_data_for(Model,Lkl,Data)) ).
  480
  481bims_ensure_likelihood_loaded( Model, Lkl, PlLkl ) :-
  482    Sub = models/Model/lklhoods/Lkl/Lkl,
  483    clean_module( bims_lkl ),
  484    absolute_file_name( bims(Sub), LklStem, [solutions(all)] ),
  485    file_name_extension( LklStem, pl, PlLkl ),
  486    debug( bims, 'Looking for likelihood in file: ~w', PlLkl ),
  487    exists_file( PlLkl ),
  488    debug( bims, 'Loading likelihood from file: ~w', PlLkl ),
  489    % ensure_loaded( bims:PlLkl ),
  490    bims_lkl:load_files( PlLkl, [silent(true),if(true)] ),
  491    !.
  492bims_ensure_likelihood_loaded( Model, Lkl, _ ) :-
  493    throw( fixme(cannot_find_likelihood_for(Lkl,Model)) ).
  494
  495bims_data_call( Model, Lkl, Args, DataMan, GoalCopy ) :-
  496    atom_concat( Lkl, '_data', BaseStem ),
  497    file_name_extension( BaseStem, pl, BaseName ),
  498    Sub = models/Model/lklhoods/Lkl,
  499    AbsOpts = [file_type(directory),solutions(all)],
  500    absolute_file_name( bims(Sub), LklD, AbsOpts ),
  501    directory_file_path( LklD, BaseName, DataMan ),
  502    debug( bims, 'Looking data preparation file in: ~w', DataMan ),
  503    exists_file( DataMan ),
  504    debug( bims, 'Loading data preparation file: ~w', DataMan ),
  505    bims_data:load_files( DataMan, [silent(true),if(true)] ),
  506    Goal =.. [BaseStem,Args],
  507    duplicate_term( Goal, GoalCopy ),
  508    call( bims_data:Goal ).
  509
  510list_element( List, Element ) :-
  511    memberchk( Element, List ).
  512
  513bims_backtrack_term( Term, Bck, P ) :-
  514    functor( Term, Bck, Arity ),
  515    bims_backtrack_arity_term( Arity, Term, P ).
  516    % fixme: add Arity > 1 error
  517
  518bims_backtrack_arity_term( 0, Atom, Atom ).
  519bims_backtrack_arity_term( 1, Term, Arg ) :-
  520    arg( 1, Term, Arg ).
  521
  522bims_locate_prior_file( Model, DlpStem, AbsDlp ) :-
  523    AbsOpts = [file_type(directory),solutions(all)],
  524    absolute_file_name( bims(models/Model/dlps), Bims, AbsOpts ),
  525    member( Dir, ['dlps',Bims] ),
  526    directory_file_path( Dir, DlpStem, DlpPathStem ),
  527    file_name_extension( DlpPathStem, dlp, AbsDlp ),
  528    debug( bims, 'Looking for prior in file: ~w', AbsDlp ),
  529    exists_file( AbsDlp ),
  530    debug( bims, 'Will be using prior in file: ~w', AbsDlp ),
  531    !.
  532bims_locate_prior_file( Model, DlpStem, _AbsDlp ) :-
  533    throw( fixme(cannot_locate_prior(Model,DlpStem)) ).
  534
  535atom_singular( Atom, Singular ) :-
  536    atom_concat( Singular, s, Atom ),
  537    !.
  538atom_singular( Atom, Atom ).
  539
  540bims_args_results_dir( Args, Dir ) :-
  541    memberchk( results_dir(ResDir), Args ),
  542    !,
  543    Dir = ResDir,
  544    bims_args_results_dir_given( ResDir, Args ).
  545bims_args_results_dir( Args, Dir ) :-
  546    bims_args_results_dir_constructed( Args, Dir ).
  547
  548bims_args_results_dir_given( ResDir, _Args ) :-
  549    ground( ResDir ),
  550    !.
  551bims_args_results_dir_given( ResDir, Args ) :-
  552    var( ResDir ),
  553    !,
  554    bims_args_results_dir_constructed( Args, ResDir ).
  555bims_args_results_dir_given( ResDir, _Args ) :-
  556    throw( partially_instantiated_results_dir(ResDir) ).
  557
  558bims_args_results_dir_constructed( Args, ResDir ) :-
  559    ( memberchk(dir_prefix(Pfx),Args) -> true; Pfx = res ),
  560    !,
  561    os_unique_by_date( Pfx, ResDir ).
  562
  563bims_write_abs_options( OptsFile, abs(Lkl,Data,Dlp) ) :-
  564    open( OptsFile, append, Out ),
  565    nl( Out ),
  566    write( Out, '% derived' ), nl( Out ),
  567    Terms = [ likelihood_file(Lkl),
  568              data_file(Data),
  569            prior_file(Dlp)
  570            ],
  571    maplist( mcmcms_write_fact(Out), Terms ),
  572    nl( Out ),
  573    write( Out, '% date/time stamps' ), nl( Out ),
  574    get_date_time( Now ),
  575    mcmcms_write_fact( Out, started_at(Now) ),
  576    close( Out ).
  577
  578bims_progress_reporter( Its, Pc, Stub ) :-
  579    bims_bb_remove( progress, _ ),
  580    number( Pc ), 
  581    0 < Pc, Pc < 100, 
  582    !,
  583    calc_percentiles( Pc, Pc, Its, [HPtl|TPtiles] ),
  584    bims_bb_put( progress, pts(Stub,HPtl,TPtiles) ).
  585bims_progress_reporter( _Its, _Pc, _Stub ).
  586
  587bims_write_options( BroF, UnqOpts ) :-
  588    open( BroF, write, Out ), 
  589    write( Out, '% options' ), nl( Out ),
  590    maplist( mcmcms_write_fact(Out), UnqOpts ),
  591    close( Out ).
  592
  593calc_percentiles( Perc, _Step, _Repeats, Ptiles ) :-
  594    Perc > 100, 
  595    !,
  596    Ptiles = [].
  597calc_percentiles( Perc, Step, Repeats, [F|M] ) :-
  598    F is integer( Perc * Repeats / 100 ),
  599    NxP is Perc + Step,
  600    calc_percentiles( NxP, Step, Repeats, M )